Determinants of Business Graduates Intention to Become an Entrepreneur: A Study of Business Graduates in Pakistan
Abstract
Entrepreneurship has been focus of economist since the first corporation was incorporated. Economists showed interest in entrepreneurship as economic activity for development of economy. They persistently study various aspects of the economy and try to understand how it affects national economic growth. Investment is one of the most important indicators of any economy. Entrepreneurship is rich resource for investment activity, resulting in improving national economy. Moreover, investment as an indicator for economic growth and investment can be brought through entrepreneurial environment. To induce such environment this research, explore the determinants that affects graduates’ entrepreneurial intention to become an entrepreneur. The operational determinants in this research which act as independent variable are Personal attitude, Subjective norms Entrepreneurial education and self-efficacy.References
References
Ajzen, I. (2012). The theory of planned behavior. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 438-459). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
AK Yetisen; LR Volpatti; AF Coskun; S Cho; E Kamrani; H Butt; A Khademhosseini; SH Yun (2015). "Entrepreneurship". Lab Chip. 15 (18): 3638–3660. doi:10.1039/c5lc00577a. PMID 26245815.
Allen, R. L. (1991). Opening doors: The life and work of Joseph Schumpeter (Volume 1, Europe). Transaction Publishers.
Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. A. Murchinson (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology. (pp. 798-844). Clark University Press, Worchester, MA.
Backes-Gellner, U., & Moog, P. (2013). The disposition to become an entrepreneur and the jacks-of-all-trades in social and human capital. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 47, 55-72.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122.
Bhuyan, M., & Pathak, P. (2017). Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in Uttarakhand: an Empirical Study. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 8(2), 93.
Bratman, M. (1987). Intention, plans, and practical reason. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Chuah, C. W., Ting, H., Alsree, S. R., & Cheah, J. H. (2015). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of Malaysian university student. A paper presented at Conference on Business Management Research II (CBMR II 2015) School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia
Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 10-15.
RodrГѓguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. (2005). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels. European Regional Science Association.
Farashah, A. D. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and intention: Study of educational system of Iran. Education + Training, 55(8/9), 865–885.
George, J. F. (2004). The theory of planned behavior and Internet purchasing. Internet Research, 14(3), 198 - 212.
Gopi, M., & Ramayah, T. (2007). Applicability of theory of planned behavior in predicting intention to trade online: Some evidence from a developing country. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(4), 348 - 360.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014) A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sage: Thousand Oaks.
Haque, F., Rohan (1961). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(1), 165-183.
Hazzouri, M. E.. Carvalho, S. W. & Main, K. J. (2014). An Investigation of the Emotional Outcomes of Business Students‟ Cheating “Biological Laws” to Achieve Academic Excellence‟, Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(4), 440 - 460
Kabir, S. M., Haque, A., & Sarwar, A. (2017). Factors affecting the intention to become an entrepreneur: A study from Bangladeshi business graduates perspective. International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems, 1(6), 10-19.
Keat, O. Y., Selvarajah, C. & Meyer, D. (2011). Inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students: An empirical study of Malaysian university students. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(4), 206 - 220.
LiГ±ГЎn, F., RodrГguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International entrepreneurship and management Journal, 7(2), 195-218.
Malle, B. F., & Knobe, J. (1997). The folk concept of intentionality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33(2), 101–121.
Mahendra, A. M., Djatmika, E. T., & Hermawan, A. (2017). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Mediated by Motivation and Attitude among Management Students, State University of Malang, Indonesia. International Education Studies, 10(9), 61-69.
Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J. J., Gomes, D. N., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2012). Entrepreneurship education: How psychological, demographic and behavioral factors predict the entrepreneurial intention. Education+ Training, 54(8/9), 657-672.
Murnieks, C. Y., Mosakowski, E., & Cardon, M. S. (2014). Pathways of passion: Identity centrality, passion, and behavior among entrepreneurs. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1583-1606.
Perloff, R. M. (2016). The dynamics of persuasion: Communication and attitudes in the twenty-first century. Routledge.
Sarif, S. M., Ismail, Y., & Sarwar, A. (2013a). Creating wealth through social entrepreneurship: A case study from Malaysia. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(3), 345-353.
Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. New York: Harper & Bros.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). Depressions. Can we learn from past experience? In D. V. Brown et al. (eds.), The economics of the recovery program. (pp. 108-117). Transaction Publishers.
Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (2007). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. In Entrepreneurship (pp. 155-170). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg..
Trefler, D. (2004). The long and short of the Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement. American Economic Review, 94, 870–95.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied psychology, 90(6), 12-65.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Sohail Khalil, SAIMA BANO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.